General aspects of cholesterol transport in the steroidogenesis of the human placenta

Abstract

The human placenta requires cholesterol to synthesize the progesterone that maintains the relationship between the fetus and the mother, which allows it to successfully conclude pregnancy. The placenta incorporates cholesterol through the LDL obtained from the maternal blood stream by a mechanism of endocytosis. Endosomes formed by this process degrade the LDL, bind several proteins forming the late endosomes and releasing the cholesterol to syncytiotrophoblast mitochondria to transform it into pregnenolone and then, into progesterone. The soluble attachment proteins denominated SNARE participates in the transport of cholesterol in specific contact sites where the mitochondrial proteins responsible for steroidogenesis are located.