Review of metabolic adaptations in Anura Order

Abstract

This review article exposes the ecological characteristics of the Order Anura (Fischer von Waldheim, 1813) reported from mid-20th century to present, where they are described as successful organisms possessing a high range adaptation mechanism to different stress situations, which is considered as one of the possible causes for the high diversity in this group. Following, we describe some adaptations in the process of assimilation of carbohydrates and their respective physiological components are presented, highlighting the importance of corticosteroids in the activation of various metabolic routes and the regulation through factors, such as temperature and annual season. The main functions of lipids are described, which the particularities are emphasized in the formation of membranes and strategies to avoid oxidative stress. Subsequently, adaptations of the nitrogenous compound metabolism are explored where topics such as the storage of various alkaloids, urea and their importance in post-metamorphosis osmorregulation are evaluated as well. Lastly, there are prospects for future research on the biochemistry of these organisms.