Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by adrenal hormones in infectious diseases: tuberculosis

Abstract

The connection between the immune system and the neuroendocrine system is facilitated by hormone receptors present on immune cells. In the context of infections, various adrenal hormones like glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens interact with the immune system. Notably, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone play a role in regulating the immune response during tuberculosis. Imbalances in these hormones have been linked to the progression of the disease. Despite existing knowledge, there is a limited understanding of how adrenal hormones impact innate immunity, potentially influencing tuberculosis development. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether administering these hormones externally could enhance the prognosis for tuberculosis patients. This review assesses the current state of knowledge in this area.