Green synthesis strategies for obtaining inorganic nanoparticles useful in biomedical applications

Abstract

Green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles applied to the biomedical field is an evolving research area that aims to obtain nanoparticles in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner, using methods that minimize the use of toxic substances and the generation of hazardous waste. This approach is based on the use of biological agents, such as plant extracts or microorganisms, which act as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis process. Consequently, inorganic nanoparticles have promising applications in the biomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties. For example, they are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, controlled drug delivery, medical imaging, and photothermal therapy. These nanosystems are more stable and biocompatible, promoting the use of renewable natural resources and fostering interdisciplinary research among chemistry, biology, and medicine. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the field of nanomedicine.